I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-785 abanawo umthombo wamanzi okuphuza ohlanzekile. Ngisho noma u-71% wobuso bomhlaba umbozwe ngamanzi olwandle, asikwazi ukuphuza amanzi.
Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bebesebenza kanzima ukuthola indlela ephumelelayo yokususa usawoti emanzini olwandle ngentengo ephansi. Manje, iqembu lososayensi baseNingizimu Korea kungenzeka ukuthi selithole indlela yokuhlanza amanzi olwandle ngemizuzu embalwa.
Amanzi ahlanzekile adingekayo emisebenzini yabantu ahlanganisa u-2.5% kuphela wemithombo yamanzi ekhona emhlabeni. Izimo zezulu ezishintshayo ziholele ekushintsheni kwemvula nokomisa kwemifula, okwenza amazwe amemezele ukuntuleka kwamanzi okokuqala emlandweni wawo. Akumangazi ukuthi ukukhipha usawoti emanzini kuyindlela elula yokuxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa lezi zinqubo zinemikhawulo yazo.
Uma usebenzisa i-membrane ukuhlunga amanzi olwandle, i-membrane kumele igcinwe yomile isikhathi eside. Uma i-membrane iba manzi, inqubo yokuhlunga ngeke isebenze futhi ivumele usawoti omningi ukuthi udlule ku-membrane. Ukuze kusebenze isikhathi eside, kuvame ukubonwa ukumanzisa kancane kancane kwe-membrane, okungaxazululwa ngokufaka esikhundleni se-membrane.
Uma usebenzisa i-membrane ukuhlunga amanzi olwandle, i-membrane kumele igcinwe yomile isikhathi eside. Uma i-membrane iba manzi, inqubo yokuhlunga ngeke isebenze futhi ivumele usawoti omningi ukuthi udlule ku-membrane. Ukuze kusebenze isikhathi eside, kuvame ukubonwa ukumanzisa kancane kancane kwe-membrane, okungaxazululwa ngokufaka esikhundleni se-membrane.
Ukungangeni kwamanzi kwe-membrane kuyasiza ngoba ukwakheka kwayo akuvumeli ama-molecule amanzi ukuba adlule.
Esikhundleni salokho, umehluko wokushisa usetshenziswa ezinhlangothini ezimbili zefilimu ukuze amanzi aphume komunye umkhawulo aye emvuleni wamanzi. Lolu lwelwesi luvumela umhwamuko wamanzi ukuthi udlule bese luqina luye ohlangothini olupholile. Okubizwa ngokuthi i-membrane distillation, lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokususa usawoti elwelwesini. Njengoba izinhlayiya zikasawoti zingaguqulwa zibe yisimo segesi, zishiywa kolunye uhlangothi lwelwelwesi, zinikeza amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu kolunye uhlangothi.
Abacwaningi baseNingizimu Korea basebenzise ne-silica aerogel enqubweni yabo yokukhiqiza ulwelwesi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukugeleza komhwamuko wamanzi ngelwesi, okuholela ekufinyeleleni ngokushesha emanzini akhishwe usawoti. Ithimba lihlole ubuchwepheshe balo izinsuku ezingu-30 zilandelana futhi lathola ukuthi ulwelwesi lungahlunga usawoti ongu-99.9% ngokuqhubekayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, umehluko wokushisa usetshenziswa ezinhlangothini ezimbili zefilimu ukuze amanzi aphume komunye umkhawulo aye emvuleni wamanzi. Lolu lwelwesi luvumela umhwamuko wamanzi ukuthi udlule bese luqina luye ohlangothini olupholile. Okubizwa ngokuthi i-membrane distillation, lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokususa usawoti elwelwesini. Njengoba izinhlayiya zikasawoti zingaguqulwa zibe yisimo segesi, zishiywa kolunye uhlangothi lwelwelwesi, zinikeza amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu kolunye uhlangothi.
Abacwaningi baseNingizimu Korea basebenzise ne-silica aerogel enqubweni yabo yokukhiqiza ulwelwesi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukugeleza komhwamuko wamanzi ngelwesi, okuholela ekufinyeleleni ngokushesha emanzini akhishwe usawoti. Ithimba lihlole ubuchwepheshe balo izinsuku ezingu-30 zilandelana futhi lathola ukuthi ulwelwesi lungahlunga usawoti ongu-99.9% ngokuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-09-2021
