Ingilazi ye-E (i-fiberglass engenayo i-alkali)Ukukhiqizwa kwezitofu zamathangi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, eshisa kakhulu yokuncibilika. Iphrofayili yokushisa yokuncibilika iyindawo ebalulekile yokulawula inqubo, ethonya ngqo ikhwalithi yengilazi, ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, impilo yesithando, kanye nokusebenza kokugcina kwefayibha. Le phrofayili yokushisa itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokulungisa izici zomlilo kanye nokukhulisa ugesi.
I. Izinga Lokushisa Elincibilikayo le-E-Glass
1. Izinga Lokushisa Lokuncibilika:
Ukuncibilika okuphelele, ukucaca, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwengilazi ye-E ngokuvamile kudinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lendawo yokuncibilika (indawo eshisayo) ngokuvamile lisukela ku-1500°C kuya ku-1600°C.
Izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe lincike ku:
* Ukwakheka Kweqembu: Ukwakheka okuthile (isb., ukuba khona kwe-fluorine, okuqukethwe okuphezulu/okuphansi kwe-boron, ukuba khona kwe-titanium) kuthinta izici zokuncibilika.
* Umklamo Wesithando Somlilo: Uhlobo lwesithando somlilo, usayizi, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, kanye nokuhlelwa kwesitofu.
* Imigomo Yokukhiqiza: Izinga lokuncibilika elifunekayo kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi yengilazi.
* Izinto Ezivuselela Ukushisa: Izinga lokugqwala kwezinto ezivuselela ukufudumala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu linciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izinga lokushisa lendawo yokucwenga livame ukuba ngaphansi kancane kunezinga lokushisa lendawo eshisayo (cishe libe ngu-20-50°C ngaphansi) ukuze kube lula ukususwa kwamabhamuza kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwengilazi.
Izinga lokushisa lengxenye yokusebenza (forehearth) liphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile 1200°C – 1350°C), okwenza ingilazi incibilike ibe sezingeni elifanele kanye nokuzinza kokudweba.
2. Ukubaluleka Kokulawula Izinga Lokushisa:
* Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuncibilikisa: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokwanele abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusabela okuphelele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-pyrophyllite, i-boric acid/colemanite, i-limestone, njll.), ukuncibilika okuphelele kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okuphelele. Ukushisa okunganele kungaholela ezinsaleleni "zezinto eziluhlaza" (izinhlayiya ze-quartz ezingancibilikisiwe), amatshe, kanye namabhamuza akhuphukile.
* Ikhwalithi Yengilazi: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu akhuthaza ukucaca kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokuncibilika kwengilazi, okunciphisa amaphutha afana nezintambo, amabhamuza, namatshe. La maphutha athinta kakhulu amandla efayibha, izinga lokuphuka, kanye nokuqhubeka kwayo.
* Ukuqina: Izinga lokushisa lithinta ngqo ukuqina kokuncibilika kwengilazi. Ukudweba kwefayibha kudinga ukuthi ukuncibilika kwengilazi kube ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile bokuncibilika.
* Ukugqwala Kwezinto Ezingavuvukali: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu asheshisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwezinto ezingavuvukali zesithando (ikakhulukazi izitini ze-AZS ezixutshwe ngogesi), anciphise impilo yesithando futhi angase afake amatshe angavuvukali.
* Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Ukugcina amazinga okushisa aphezulu kuwumthombo oyinhloko wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezithandweni zamathangi (ngokuvamile okubalwa ngaphezu kwama-60% wamandla okusetshenziswa okuphelele kokukhiqiza). Ukulawula amazinga okushisa okunembile ukuze kugwenywe amazinga okushisa aphezulu kuyisihluthulelo sokonga amandla.
II. Ukulawulwa Kwamalangabi
Ukulawulwa kwamalangabi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika, ukufeza ukuncibilika okuphumelelayo, nokuvikela isakhiwo sesithando (ikakhulukazi umqhele). Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukudala insimu yezinga lokushisa kanye nomoya ofanele.
1. Amapharamitha Okulawula Okubalulekile:
* Isilinganiso sikaphethiloli-kuya-emoyeni (Isilinganiso se-Stoichiometric) / Isilinganiso se-oksijini-kuya-emoyeni (sezinhlelo ze-oksijini-kaphethiloli):
* Umgomo: Ukufeza ukusha okuphelele. Ukusha okungaphelele kuchitha uphethiloli, kwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomlilo, kukhiqize intuthu emnyama (umswakamo) engcolisa ukuncibilika kwengilazi, futhi kuvimbe ama-regenerator/heat exchangers. Umoya owedlulele uthwala ukushisa okukhulu, unciphise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, futhi ungaqinisa ukugqwala kwe-crown oxidation.
* Ukulungiswa: Lawula ngokunembile isilinganiso somoya-kuya-kuphethiloli ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwegesi yoketshezi (O₂, okuqukethwe yi-CO).Ingilazi ye-EIzitofu zamathangi ngokuvamile zigcina okuqukethwe yigesi yolwelo i-O₂ cishe ku-1-3% (ukusha kwengcindezi okuhle kancane).
* Umthelela Wesimo Sezulu: Isilinganiso somoya-kuya-kuphethiloli siphinde sithonye umoya wesithando (ukungcolisa noma ukunciphisa), okunemiphumela emincane ekuziphatheni kwezingxenye ezithile ze-batch (njengensimbi) nombala weglasi. Kodwa-ke, nge-E-glass (edinga ukukhanya okungenambala), lo mthelela mncane kakhulu.
* Ubude beLangabi kanye nokuma:
* Umgomo: Yakha ilangabi elimboza ubuso obuncibilikile, eliqinile, futhi elisakazeka kahle.
* Ilangabi Elide vs. Ilangabi Elifushane:
* Ilangabi Elide: Limboza indawo enkulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuyafana, futhi kubangela ukushaqeka okuncane kokushisa emqheleni. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okushisa endawo angase angabi phezulu ngokwanele, futhi ukungena endaweni "yokubhoboza" kungase kungabi ngokwanele.
* Ilangabi Elifushane: Ukuqina okunamandla, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lendawo, ukungena okunamandla kungqimba lwe-batch, okukhuthaza ukuncibilika ngokushesha "kwezinto zokusetshenziswa." Kodwa-ke, ukumbozwa akungalingani, kubangela kalula ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo (izindawo ezishisayo ezibonakala kakhulu), kanye nokushaqeka okukhulu kokushisa kumqhele nodonga lwesifuba.
* Ukulungiswa: Kufezwa ngokulungisa i-engeli yesibhamu sesishisi, ijubane lokuphuma kukaphethiloli/komoya (isilinganiso somfutho), kanye nokuqina kokujikeleza. Izitofu zanamuhla zamathangi zivame ukusebenzisa izishisi ezilungisekayo ezinezigaba eziningi.
* Isiqondiso Selangabi (I-Angle):
* Umgomo: Dlulisa ukushisa ngempumelelo endaweni yokuncibilikisa ingilazi kanye nengxenye encibilikayo, ugweme ukushaqeka komlilo ngqo odongeni lomqhele noma lwesifuba.
* Ukulungiswa: Lungisa iphimbo (eliqondile) kanye nama-engeli e-yaw (avundlile) esibhamu sokushisa.
* I-Pitch Angle: Ithinta ukusebenzisana kwelangabi nenqwaba ye-batch ("ukukhotha inqwaba") kanye nokumbozwa kwendawo encibilikayo. I-engeli ephansi kakhulu (ilangabi liphansi kakhulu) ingase ikhuhle indawo encibilikayo noma inqwaba ye-batch, okubangela ukuthi idlulele phambili ekonakalisa udonga lwesifuba. I-engeli ephezulu kakhulu (ilangabi liphezulu kakhulu) ibangela ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphansi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile komqhele.
* I-Yaw Angle: Ithinta ukusatshalaliswa komlilo kulo lonke ububanzi besithando kanye nendawo ye-hot spot.
2. Imigomo Yokulawulwa Kwamalangabi:
* Yakha Indawo Eshisayo Enengqondo: Dala indawo yokushisa ephezulu kakhulu (indawo eshisayo) engxenyeni engemuva yethangi lokuncibilikisa (ngokuvamile ngemva kwendlu yenja). Lena yindawo ebalulekile yokucacisa ingilazi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo, futhi isebenza njenge-"injini" elawula ukugeleza kokuncibilikisa ingilazi (kusukela endaweni eshisayo kuya kushaja yebhetshi kanye nokuphela kokusebenza).
* Ukushisa Okuncibilikayo Okufanayo: Gwema ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukupholisa okunganele, ukunciphisa ukungalingani komoya kanye "nezindawo ezifile" ezibangelwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
* Vikela Isakhiwo Sesithando Somlilo: Vimbela ukushaqeka komlilo esiqongweni nasodongeni lwesifuba, ugweme ukushisa kakhulu okuholela ekugqwaleni okusheshayo kokumelana nomlilo.
* Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa Okusebenzayo: Khulisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kokushisa okukhanyayo nokuguquguqukayo kusuka elangeni kuya endaweni yokuncibilikisa ingilazi nebheyisi.
* Insimu Yokushisa Ezinzile: Nciphisa ukuguquguquka ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yengilazi ezinzile.
III. Ukulawulwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kokushisa Kokuncibilika kanye Nokulawulwa Kwamalangabi
1. Umgomo Wokushisa, Umlilo Uyindlela: Ukulawulwa komlilo kuyindlela eyinhloko yokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwesithando, ikakhulukazi indawo kanye nokushisa kwendawo eshisayo.
2. Ukulinganisa Izinga Lokushisa kanye Nempendulo: Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-thermocouple, ama-infrared pyrometer, kanye nezinye izinto ezibekwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile esithandweni somlilo (ishaja ye-batch, indawo yokuncibilika, indawo eshisayo, indawo yokucwenga, indawo yangaphambi komlilo). Lezi zilinganiso zisebenza njengesisekelo sokulungiswa komlilo.
3. Izinhlelo Zokulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Izitofu ezinkulu zanamuhla zisebenzisa kakhulu izinhlelo ze-DCS/PLC. Lezi zinhlelo zilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ilangabi kanye nezinga lokushisa ngokulungisa amapharamitha afana nokugeleza kukaphethiloli, ukugeleza komoya ovuthayo, i-engeli/ama-damper okushisa, ngokusekelwe kuma-curve okushisa asethiwe kanye nokulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela.
4. Ibhalansi Yenqubo: Kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yengilazi (ukuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucaca okuhle kanye nokuhlanganiswa kahle) kanye nokuvikela isithando somlilo (ukugwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuphazanyiswa ilangabi) ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2025
