izindaba

Ingqimba yangaphakathi yesitsha sokucindezela esine-fiber-wound ngokuyinhloko isakhiwo se-lining, umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukusebenza njengesivikelo sokuvala ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi enomfutho ophezulu noma uketshezi olugcinwe ngaphakathi, kuyilapho futhi kuvikela ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-fiber-wound. Lolu ngqimba alugugiswa yizinto ezigcinwe ngaphakathi, futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle luyingqimba ye-fiber-wound eqiniswe yi-resin, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu wokucindezela ngaphakathi kwesitsha sokucindezela.

Isakhiwo sesitsha sokucindezela esinenxeba le-fiber: Izitsha zokucindezela zezinto ezihlanganisiwe ziza ngezindlela ezine zesakhiwo: isilinda, isiyingi, i-annular, kanye nesiyingi. Isitsha esiyindilinga sakhiwe ngesigaba sesilinda kanye namakhanda amabili. Izitsha zokucindezela zensimbi zenziwa ngezimo ezilula, zinamandla amaningi agciniwe ohlangothini lwe-axial. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphakathi, ukucindezeleka kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-latitudinal kwesitsha esiyindilinga kuyalingana, futhi kuyisigamu sokucindezeleka okujikelezayo kwesitsha esiyindilinga. Izinto zensimbi zinamandla alinganayo kuzo zonke izinkomba; ngakho-ke, izitsha zensimbi eziyindilinga zenzelwe amandla alinganayo futhi zinesisindo esincane sevolumu nengcindezi ethile. Isimo sokucindezeleka sesitsha esiyindilinga sifanelekile, futhi udonga lwesitsha lungenziwa lube luncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu ekukhiqizeni izitsha eziyindilinga, ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa kuphela ezicelweni ezikhethekile njengezindiza. Izitsha ezimise okwendandatho azivamile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, kodwa isakhiwo sazo sisadingeka ezimweni ezithile ezithile. Isibonelo, izindiza zisebenzisa lesi sakhiwo esikhethekile ukuze zisebenzise ngokugcwele isikhala esilinganiselwe. Izitsha eziyindilinga zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala lapho isikhala silinganiselwe, njengezimoto zamathangi eziyindilinga zezimoto kanye nezimoto zamathangi esitimela. Lezi zitsha ngokuvamile ziyizitsha ezinomfutho ophansi noma ezinomfutho womoya, futhi isisindo esilula siyathandwa.

Ubunzima besakhiwo semikhumbi yokucindezela yezinto ezihlanganisiwe, izinguquko ezisheshayo kuma-end caps kanye nobukhulu bawo, kanye nobukhulu obuguquguqukayo kanye ne-engeli yama-end caps kuletha ubunzima obuningi ekuklanyweni, ekuhlaziyweni, ekubalweni, nasekubunjweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, imikhumbi yokucindezela yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ayidingi nje kuphela ukugoqa ngama-engeli ahlukene kanye nezilinganiso zesivinini kuma-end caps, kodwa futhi idinga izindlela ezahlukene zokugoqa kuye ngesakhiwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya lezici ezisebenzayo njenge-coefficient of friction kumele licatshangelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okulungile nokunengqondo kuphela okungaqondisa kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza ukugoqa kwe-izinto ezihlanganisiweimikhumbi yokucindezela, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize imikhiqizo yemikhumbi yokucindezela elula ehlanganisiwe ehlangabezana nezimfuneko zomklamo.

Izinto Zokusebenzisa Imikhumbi Yokucindezela Yesilonda Se-Fiber

Ingqimba ye-fiber-wound, njengengxenye eyinhloko ethwala umthwalo, kumele ibe namandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi, ukuzinza kokushisa, ukumanzi kahle kwe-resin, ukucutshungulwa okuhle kokugoba, kanye nokuqina okufanayo kwe-fiber bundle. Izinto ze-fibre ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsheni zokucindezela ezihlanganisiwe ezilula zifaka i-carbon fiber, i-PBO fiber, i-aramid fiber, kanye ne-polyethylene fiber enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu kakhulu.

I-carbon fibreiyinto ekhabhoni enemicu eyingxenye yayo eyinhloko yikhabhoni. Yakhiwa ngokufaka i-carbon ku-organic fiber precursors emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi iyinto ekhabhoni esebenza kahle kakhulu enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kuka-95%. I-carbon fiber inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi ucwaningo ngayo lwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule. Iyinto ekhabhoni enamandla aphezulu, ene-modulus ephezulu, futhi enobuningi obuphansi, ebonakala kakhulu ngokulandelayo:

1. Ubuningi obuphansi kanye nesisindo esilula. Ubuningi be-carbon fiber bungu-1.7~2 g/cm³, okulingana ne-1/4 yobuningi bensimbi kanye ne-1/2 yobuningi be-aluminium alloy.

2. Amandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu: Amandla ayo aphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-4-5 kunensimbi, kanti i-modulus yayo enwebekayo iphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-5-6 kune-aluminium alloys, okubonisa ukululama okuphelele kokunwebeka (Zhang Eryong noSun Yan, 2020). Amandla okunwebeka kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo ye-carbon fiber angafinyelela ku-3500-6300 MPa kanye no-230-700 GPa, ngokulandelana.

3. I-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa: Ukushisa kwe-carbon fiber kuyehla ngokushisa okwandayo, okwenza imelane nokupholisa nokushisa okusheshayo. Ngeke iqhekeke ngisho nangemva kokupholisa kusuka ku-degrees Celsius eyizinkulungwane eziningana kuya ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi ngeke incibilike noma ithambe emoyeni ongena-oxidizing ku-3000℃; ngeke iqhekeke emazingeni okushisa oketshezi.

4. Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala: I-carbon fiber ayisebenzi kuma-asidi futhi ingamelana nama-asidi aqinile njenge-hydrochloric acid egxilile kanye ne-sulfuric acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-composite e-carbon fiber nawo anezici ezifana nokumelana nemisebe, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ikhono lokumunca amagesi anobuthi, kanye nokulinganisela kwe-neutron, okwenza asebenze kabanzi ezindiza, ezempi, nakwezinye izinkambu eziningi.

I-Aramid, i-fiber ephilayo eyenziwe ngama-polyphthalamides aromatic, yavela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. Ubuningi bayo buphansi kunobe-fiber yekhabhoni. Inamandla aphezulu, isivuno esikhulu, ukumelana okuhle komthelela, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokumelana nokushisa, futhi intengo yayo iyingxenye nje ye-fiber yekhabhoni.Imicu ye-Aramidikakhulukazi zinezici ezilandelayo:

1. Izakhiwo ezinhle zomshini. I-Aramid fiber iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo enamandla okunamathela aphezulu kune-polyester evamile, ukotini, ne-nylon. Inobude obukhulu, umuzwa wesandla othambile, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle, okuvumela ukuthi yenziwe ibe imicu enobunono nobude obuhlukene.

2. I-Aramid evimbela ilangabi kahle kakhulu futhi imelana nokushisa. I-Aramid ine-oxygen index ekhawulelwe engaphezu kuka-28, ngakho ayiqhubeki nokusha ngemva kokususwa elangabini. Iqinile ekushiseni, ingasetshenziswa njalo ku-205℃, futhi igcina amandla aphezulu ngisho noma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-205℃. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imicu ye-aramid inezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokubola, igcina amandla aphezulu ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi iqala ukubola kuphela uma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-370℃.

3. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile. Imicu ye-Aramid ikhombisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu namakhemikhali amaningi, ingamelana nokugxila okuphezulu kwama-asidi angaphili, futhi ibe nokumelana okuhle kwe-alkali ekushiseni kwegumbi.

4. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ezifana namandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, kanye nesisindo esilula. Amandla ayo aphindwe ka-5-6 kunentambo yensimbi, i-modulus yayo enwebekayo iphindwe ka-2-3 kunentambo yensimbi noma i-fiber yengilazi, ukuqina kwayo kuphindwe kabili kunentambo yensimbi, kanti isisindo sayo singu-1/5 kuphela kunentambo yensimbi. Imicu ye-polyamide enuka kamnandi ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinto zefayibha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezilungele kakhulu imikhumbi yengcindezi yezindiza kanye nezindiza enezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi nesimo.

I-PBO fiber yasungulwa e-United States ngawo-1980 njengezinto zokuqinisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezenzelwe imboni yezindiza. Ingenye yamalungu athembisayo kakhulu omndeni we-polyamide aqukethe ama-heterocyclic aromatic compounds futhi yaziwa ngokuthi i-super fiber yekhulu lama-21. I-PBO fiber inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nezamakhemikhali; amandla ayo, i-elastic modulus, kanye nokumelana nokushisa kuphakathi kwezintambo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PBO fiber inokumelana okuhle kakhulu komthelela, ukumelana nokuklwebheka, kanye nokuqina kobukhulu, futhi ilula futhi iguquguquka, okwenza ibe yinto efanelekile yendwangu. I-PBO fiber inezici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

1. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Imikhiqizo yefayibha ye-PBO ephezulu inamandla angu-5.8 GPa kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo engu-180 GPa, okuyiyona ephezulu kakhulu phakathi kwefayibha yamakhemikhali ekhona.

2. Ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Ingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-600℃, ngenkomba ekhawulelwe engu-68. Ayishisi noma inciphe elangeni, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokushisa kanye nokulinda kwayo ilangabi kuphakeme kunanoma iyiphi enye i-fiber yemvelo.

Njenge-fiber esebenza kahle kakhulu yekhulu lama-21, i-PBO fiber inezakhiwo ezivelele zomzimba, zemishini, nezamakhemikhali. Amandla ayo kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo kuphindwe kabili kune-fiber ye-aramid, futhi inokumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nomlilo kwe-meta-aramid polyamide. Izakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zidlula ngokuphelele eze-fiber ye-aramid. I-fiber ye-PBO enobubanzi obuyi-1mm ingaphakamisa into enesisindo esingafika ku-450kg, futhi amandla ayo angaphezu kwe-10 kune-fiber yensimbi.

I-polyethylene fiber enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu kakhulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fiber ye-polyethylene enamandla aphezulu, ene-modulus ephezulu, iyi-fiber enamandla akhethekile aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ethile emhlabeni. Iyi-fiber ephothwe nge-polyethylene enesisindo sama-molecule esingu-1 million kuya ku-5 million. I-fiber ye-polyethylene enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu kakhulu inezici ezilandelayo:

1. Amandla akhethekile aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ecacile ephezulu. Amandla ayo akhethekile angaphezu kokuphindwe kayishumi kunocingo lwensimbi lwesigaba esifanayo, futhi i-modulus yayo ethile ilandela i-carbon fiber ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile, isisindo sayo sama-molecule sikhulu kuno-10, sinamandla okudonswa angu-3.5 GPa, i-modulus enwebekayo engu-116 GPa, kanye nobude obungu-3.4%.

2. Ubuningi obuphansi. Ubuningi bayo ngokuvamile bungu-0.97 ~ 0.98 g/cm³, okuvumela ukuthi intante emanzini.

3. Ukwelula okuphansi ngesikhathi sokuphuka. Inamandla okumunca amandla aqinile, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokusika, ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu, futhi imelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ama-neutron, kanye nemisebe ye-gamma. Iphinde ibe nokumunca kwamandla athile aphezulu, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric okuphansi, ukudluliselwa kwamagagasi kagesi aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-flexural.

I-polyethylene fiber inezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, okubonisa inzuzo enkulu ku-i-fiber esebenza kahle kakhuluimakethe. Kusukela emigqeni yokubopha ezindaweni zikawoyela ezingasogwini lolwandle kuya ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe ezilula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ikhombisa izinzuzo ezinkulu empini yanamuhla, kanye nasemkhakheni wezindiza, wezindiza, kanye nowasolwandle, idlala indima ebalulekile emishinini yokuzivikela nakwezinye izindawo.