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Ama-microsphere engilazi angenaluthokanye nezinto zazo ezihlanganisiwe

Izinto zokwakha eziqinile eziqinile zokufutha ezisetshenziswa olwandle olujulile ngokuvamile zakhiwe yimidiya elawula ukufutha (ama-microsphere angenalutho) kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-resin ezinamandla aphezulu. Emhlabeni jikelele, lezi zinto zifinyelela ubuningi obungu-0.4–0.6 g/cm³ kanye namandla okucindezela angu-40–100 MPa, futhi ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini eyahlukahlukene yolwandle olujulile. Ama-microsphere angenalutho ayizinto zokwakha ezikhethekile ezigcwele igesi. Ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwawo kwezinto, ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngama-microsphere ahlanganisiwe ezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-microsphere ahlanganisiwe angaphili. Ucwaningo ngama-microsphere ahlanganisiwe ezinto eziphilayo lusebenza kakhulu, ngemibiko efaka phakathi ama-microsphere angenalutho e-polystyrene kanye nama-microsphere angenalutho e-polymethyl methacrylate. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ama-microsphere angaphili zifaka kakhulu ingilazi, i-ceramics, i-borates, i-carbon, kanye ne-fly ash cenospheres.

Ama-Microspheres e-Hollow Glass: Incazelo kanye nokuhlukaniswa

Ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho awuhlobo olusha lwezinto ezingaphili ze-micropowder ezingezona ezensimbi ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane, ukuma okuyisiyingi, isisindo esincane, ukuvala umsindo, ukuvala ukushisa, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho asetshenziswe kabanzi ezintweni zezindiza, izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto eziqinile zokuntanta, izinto zokuvala ukushisa, izinto zokwakha, kanye nopende kanye nopende. Ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

① Ama-cenospheres, akhiwe kakhulu yi-SiO2 kanye nama-metal oxides, angatholakala kumlotha wezimpukane okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamandla ezitshalweni zamandla ezishisayo. Nakuba ama-cenospheres engabizi kakhulu, anobumsulwa obubi, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezibanzi, futhi ikakhulukazi, ubuningi bezinhlayiya ngokuvamile bungaphezu kuka-0.6 g/cm3, okwenza angafaneleki ukulungiselela izinto zokuntanta ezisetshenziswa ekujuleni kolwandle.

② Ama-microsphere engilazi akhiwe ngokwenziwa, amandla awo, ubuningi, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-physicochemical ezingalawulwa ngokulungisa amapharamitha enqubo kanye nokwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Nakuba ebiza kakhulu, anezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa.

Izici ze-Hollow Glass Microspheres

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho ezintweni eziqinile ezithambile akuhlukaniseki nezici zawo ezinhle kakhulu.

①Ama-microsphere engilazi angenaluthozinesakhiwo sangaphakathi esingenalutho, okuholela ekutheni kube nesisindo esincane, ukuminyana okuphansi, kanye nokuqhuba ukushisa okuphansi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukuminyana kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kodwa futhi kuzinika ukuminyana okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, ukuminyana komsindo, ukuminyana kukagesi, kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya.

② Ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho anesimo esiyindilinga, anezinzuzo ze-porosity ephansi (ukugcwalisa okuhle) kanye nokumuncwa okuncane kwe-polymer yizindilinga, ngaleyo ndlela angabi nomthelela omkhulu ekugelezeni kwe-matrix kanye ne-viscosity. Lezi zici ziholela ekusatshalalisweni kokucindezeleka okunengqondo ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bayo, ukuqina, kanye nokuzinza kobukhulu.

③ Ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho anamandla aphezulu. Empeleni, ama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho ayizindilinga ezincane, ezivalwe ngengilazi njengengxenye eyinhloko yegobolondo, ekhombisa amandla aphezulu. Lokhu kwandisa amandla ezinto ezihlanganisiwe ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuningi obuphansi.

Izindlela Zokulungiselela Ama-Microspheres Engilazi Engenalutho
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokulungiselela:
① Indlela yempuphu. I-matrix yengilazi iqala ihlungwe, kufakwe i-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu, bese lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zidluliswa esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu. Lapho izinhlayiya zithambile noma zincibilika, kukhiqizwa igesi ngaphakathi kwengilazi. Njengoba igesi ikhula, izinhlayiya ziba yizimbulunga ezingenalutho, ezibe seziqoqwa kusetshenziswa isihlukanisi sesiphepho noma isihlungi sesikhwama.

② Indlela ye-Droplet. Ezingeni lokushisa elithile, isixazululo esiqukethe into encibilikayo ephansi siyomiswa nge-spray noma sishiswe esithandweni esiqondile esinokushisa okuphezulu, njengasekulungiseleleni ama-microspheres ane-alkaline ephezulu.

③ Indlela yejeli eyomile. Le ndlela isebenzisa ama-alkoxide emvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ihilela izinqubo ezintathu: ukulungiselela ijeli eyomile, ukuyicola, kanye nokugqwala ekushiseni okuphezulu. Zonke izindlela ezintathu zinezinkinga ezithile: indlela yempuphu ikhiqiza amazinga aphansi okwakheka kobuhlalu, indlela yamaconsi ikhiqiza ama-microspheres anamandla amancane, kanti indlela yejeli eyomile inezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Indlela Yokuhlanganisa Izinto Eziyi-Hollow Glass Microsphere kanye Nendlela Yokuhlanganisa Izinto

Ukwakha izinto eziqinile eziqinile ezintantayo ngeama-microsphere engilazi angenalutho, izinto ze-matrix kumele zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, njengobuningi obuphansi, amandla aphezulu, i-viscosity ephansi, kanye nokuthambisa okuhle ngama-microspheres. Izinto ze-matrix ezisetshenziswa njengamanje zifaka i-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin, i-phenolic resin, kanye ne-silicone resin. Phakathi kwalezi, i-epoxy resin iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwangempela ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ubukhulu obuphansi, ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi, kanye nokuncipha kokuqina. Ama-microspheres engilazi angahlanganiswa ngezinto ze-matrix ngezinqubo zokubumba ezifana nokusika, ukufaka i-vacuum, ukubumba uketshezi, ukufaka izinhlayiya, kanye nokubumba ukucindezela. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo sokuxhumana phakathi kwama-microspheres kanye ne-matrix, ubuso bama-microspheres nabo budinga ukuguqulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.