Izinto ezihlanganisiwe sezisetshenziswe kwezohwebo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhweba, zisetshenziswa kuphela ezicelweni eziphezulu njengezindiza kanye nezokuvikela. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziqala ukuthengiswa ezimbonini ezahlukene zabasebenzisi bokugcina njengezimpahla zezemidlalo, izindiza zomphakathi, izimoto, ezolwandle, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nokwakha. Kuze kube manje, izindleko zezinto ezihlanganisiwe (kokubili izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqiza) zehle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, okuvumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu ezimbonini eziningi ezikhulayo.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziyingxube yezinto ezihlanganisiwe zefayibha kanye ne-resin ngesilinganiso esithile. Ngenkathi i-resin matrix inquma ukuma kokugcina kwenhlanganisela, imicu isebenza njengeziqinisi zokuqinisa ingxenye ehlanganisiwe. Isilinganiso se-resin ku-fiber siyahlukahluka ngamandla nokuqina kwengxenye edingwa yi-Tier 1 noma uMkhiqizi Wemishini Yokuqala (i-OEM).
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko esithwala umthwalo sidinga ingxenye ephezulu yemicu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-resin matrix, kuyilapho isakhiwo sesibili sidinga ingxenye yesine kuphela yemicu ku-resin matrix. Lokhu kusebenza ezimbonini eziningi, isilinganiso se-resin ku-fibre sincike endleleni yokukhiqiza.
Imboni yezikebhe zasolwandle isibe yimbangela enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa nezinto eziyinhloko ze-foam. Kodwa-ke, iphinde yabhekana nokwehla, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kuyehla kanye nokwanda kwempahla. Lokhu kwehla kwesidingo kungase kube ngenxa yokuqapha kwabathengi, ukwehla kwamandla okuthenga, kanye nokudluliselwa kwezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe emisebenzini yebhizinisi enenzuzo kakhulu neyinhloko. Izinkampani zezikebhe nazo zihlela kabusha imikhiqizo yazo kanye namasu ebhizinisi ukuze zinciphise ukulahlekelwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izindawo eziningi ezincane zezikebhe zaphoqeleka ukuhoxa noma ukuthengwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yimali yokusebenza, zingakwazi ukugcina ibhizinisi elijwayelekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwezikebhe ezinkulu (ezingaphezulu kwamamitha angu-35) kwathinteka, kanti izikebhe ezincane (ezingaphansi kwamamitha angu-24) zaba yindawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza.
Kungani izinto ezihlanganisiwe?
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwensimbi nezinye izinto zendabuko, njengokhuni, ekwakhiweni kwesikebhe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinganciphisa isisindo sengxenye ngamaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-40. Ukwehla kwesisindo sekukonke kuletha uhide lwezinzuzo zesibili, njengezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okukhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kunciphisa nesisindo kakhulu ngokuqeda izibambo ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.
Ama-composite aphinde anikeze abakhi bezikebhe inkululeko enkulu yokuklama, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zinezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zomjikelezo wokuphila uma umuntu eziqhathanisa nezinto ezincintisanayo ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi zokulungisa kanye nezindleko zokufaka nokuhlanganisa ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala nokuqina kwazo. Futhi kuphansi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-composite athola ukwamukelwa phakathi kwama-OEM ezikebheni kanye nabaphakeli be-Tier 1.
Inhlanganisela yasolwandle
Naphezu kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, izindawo eziningi zokukhiqiza imikhumbi kanye nabaphakeli be-Tier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezengeziwe zizosetshenziswa ezikebheni zasolwandle.
Nakuba izikebhe ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthuke kakhulu njengepulasitiki eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber (CFRP), izikebhe ezincane zizoba yizona ezibangela isidingo esikhulu sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle. Isibonelo, ezikebheni eziningi ezintsha kanye nama-catamarans, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-carbon fiber/epoxy kanye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-keel, ama-deck, ama-transoms, ama-rig, ama-bulkhead, ama-stringer kanye nama-masts, Kodwa la ma-superyacht noma ama-catamarans akha ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikebhe esiphelele.
Naphezu kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, izindawo eziningi zokukhiqiza imikhumbi kanye nabaphakeli be-Tier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezengeziwe zizosetshenziswa ezikebheni zasolwandle.
Nakuba izikebhe ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthuke kakhulu njengepulasitiki eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber (CFRP), izikebhe ezincane zizoba yizona ezibangela isidingo esikhulu sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle. Isibonelo, ezikebheni eziningi ezintsha kanye nama-catamarans, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-carbon fiber/epoxy kanye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-keel, ama-deck, ama-transoms, ama-rig, ama-bulkhead, ama-stringer kanye nama-masts, Kodwa la ma-superyacht noma ama-catamarans akha ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikebhe esiphelele.
Isidingo sezikebhe sihlanganisa izikebhe ezinenjini (ezangaphakathi, ezingaphandle kanye nezingemuva), izikebhe zejethi, izikebhe zamanzi ezizimele kanye nezikebhe zeseyili (izikebhe zasolwandle).
Amanani ezinhlanganisela azoba semgwaqweni okhuphukayo, njengoba amanani ezindwangu zeglasi, ama-thermosets kanye nama-resin e-thermoplastic azokhuphuka ngamanani kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nezinye izindleko zokufaka. Kodwa-ke, amanani endwangu ye-carbon fiber kulindeleke ukuthi ehle maduze nje ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Kodwa umthelela wayo jikelele emananini ezinhlanganisela zasolwandle ngeke ube mkhulu, njengoba amapulasitiki aqiniswe yi-carbon fiber enza ingxenye encane kuphela yesidingo sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imicu yengilazi iseyizinto eziyinhloko zefayibha zezinto zasolwandle ezihlanganisiwe, kanti ama-polyester angagcwali kanye nama-ester e-vinyl yizinto eziyinhloko ze-polymer. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) izoqhubeka nokubamba ingxenye enkulu yemakethe ye-foam core.
Ngokwezibalo, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-fiber eqinisiwe (i-GFRP) zingaphezu kuka-80% wesidingo esiphelele sezinto ezihlanganisiwe zasolwandle, kuyilapho izinto eziyinhloko ze-foam zingu-15%. Okunye yipulasitiki eqinisiwe ye-carbon fiber, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezikebheni ezinkulu kanye nezicelo ezinomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Imakethe yezinhlanganisela zasolwandle ekhulayo nayo ibona ukuthambekela kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe. Abahlinzeki bezinhlanganisela zasolwandle baqale ukufuna izinto ezintsha, bethula ama-bio-resin amasha, imicu yemvelo, ama-polyester akhipha ukungcola okuncane, ama-prepreg aphansi kokucindezela, ama-cores kanye nezinto ze-fiberglass ezilukiwe. Konke kumayelana nokwandisa ukuphindeka kabusha nokuvuselelwa, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-styrene, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukucutshungulwa kanye nekhwalithi yobuso.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-05-2022
