Izinto ezihlanganisiwe sezisetshenziswe kwezentengiso iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50.Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthengisa, zisetshenziswa kuphela ezinhlelweni eziphezulu ezifana ne-aerospace nokuvikela.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinto eziyinhlanganisela seziqala ukuthengiswa ezimbonini ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa abasebenzisi bokugcina njengezimpahla zezemidlalo, ezokuthutha umphakathi, ezezimoto, zasolwandle, ezobunjiniyela kanye nezokwakha.Kuze kube manje, izindleko zezinto ezihlanganisiwe (kokubili izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokukhiqiza) zehle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, okuvumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu enanini elikhulayo lezimboni.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziyingxube ye-fiber ne-resin material ngengxenye ethile.Nakuba i-resin matrix inquma ukuma kokugcina kwenhlanganisela, imicu isebenza njengeziqinisi ukuqinisa ingxenye eyinhlanganisela.Isilinganiso se-resin ne-fiber siyahlukahluka ngamandla nokuqina kwengxenye edingwa i-Tier 1 noma Umkhiqizi Wezinto Zoqobo (OEM).
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko esithwala imithwalo sidinga ingxenye ephezulu yezintambo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-resin matrix, kuyilapho isakhiwo sesibili sidinga ingxenye yesine kuphela yezintambo ku-matrix ye-resin.Lokhu kusebenza ezimbonini eziningi, isilinganiso se-resin ku-fiber sincike endleleni yokukhiqiza.
Imboni yezikebhe zasolwandle isiphenduke amandla amakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wonke kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela, okuhlanganisa izinto eziwumgogodla wegwebu.Kodwa-ke, iphinde yaba nokwehla, nokuncipha kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kanye nokukhuphuka kwempahla.Lokhu kwehliswa kwesidingo kungase kube ngenxa yokuqaphela umthengi, ukuncipha kwamandla okuthenga, kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe emisebenzini yebhizinisi enenzuzo eyengeziwe newumgogodla.Izinkampani zemikhumbi nazo zihlela kabusha imikhiqizo yazo namasu ebhizinisi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa.Ngalesi sikhathi, izikhungo eziningi zemikhumbi ezincane zaphoqeleka ukuba zihoxe noma zitholwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa imali yokusebenza, ezingakwazi ukugcina ibhizinisi elivamile.Ukwenziwa kwama-yachts amakhulu (>35 amafidi) kuthathe izintambo, kuyilapho izikebhe ezincane (<24 amafidi) zaba into egxile ekukhiqizeni.
Kungani izinto ezihlanganisiwe?
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwensimbi nezinye izinto zendabuko, njengezinkuni, ekwakhiweni kwesikebhe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium, izinto eziyinhlanganisela zinganciphisa isisindo sonke sengxenye ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40.Ukwehliswa sekukonke kwesisindo kuletha inqwaba yezinzuzo zesibili, njengezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, ukwehla kokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kunciphisa isisindo ngokuqhubekayo ngokususa izinsimbi ngokuhlanganisa ingxenye.
Ama-Composites aphinde anikeze abakhi bezikebhe inkululeko enkulu yokuklama, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izingxenye ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi.Ukwengeza, izingxenye eziyinhlanganisela zinezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zomjikelezo wokuphila uma umuntu eziqhathanisa nezinto ezincintisanayo ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi zokulungisa kanye nezindleko zazo zokufakwa nokuhlanganisa ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala nokuqina Futhi ziphansi.Akumangalisi ukuthi izinhlanganisela zithola ukwamukelwa phakathi kwama-OEM esikebhe kanye nabahlinzeki beTier 1.
Inhlanganisela yasolwandle
Ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, izindawo eziningi zemikhumbi kanye nabahlinzeki be-Tier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto eziningi ezihlanganisiwe zizosetshenziswa ezikebheni zasolwandle.
Nakuba izikebhe ezinkudlwana kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise izinhlanganisela ezithuthuke kakhulu ezifana ne-carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), izikebhe ezincane zizoba umshayeli omkhulu wesidingo esiphelele sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle. njenge-carbon fiber/epoxy kanye ne-polyurethane foam, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-keels, amadekhi, ama-transom, ama-rigs, ama-bulkheads, ama-stringers nama-mass, Kodwa lawa ma-superyachts noma ama-catamaran enza ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikebhe esiphelele.
Ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, izindawo eziningi zemikhumbi kanye nabahlinzeki be-Tier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto eziningi ezihlanganisiwe zizosetshenziswa ezikebheni zasolwandle.
Nakuba izikebhe ezinkudlwana kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise izinhlanganisela ezithuthuke kakhulu ezifana ne-carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), izikebhe ezincane zizoba umshayeli omkhulu wesidingo esiphelele sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle. njenge-carbon fiber/epoxy kanye ne-polyurethane foam, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-keels, amadekhi, ama-transom, ama-rigs, ama-bulkheads, ama-stringers nama-mass, Kodwa lawa ma-superyachts noma ama-catamaran enza ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikebhe esiphelele.
Isidingo sesisonke sezikebhe sihlanganisa izikebhe ezinenjini (inboard, outboard and stern drive), izikebhe zejethi, imikhumbi yangasese yangasese kanye nezikebhe zikaseyili (izikebhe).
Izintengo zenhlanganisela zizokhuphuka zikhuphuke, njengoba izintengo zemicu yengilazi, ama-thermoset nama-thermoplastic resins azokhuphuka nezintengo zikawoyela ongahluziwe nezinye izindleko zokufaka.Kodwa-ke, amanani entengo ye-carbon fiber kulindeleke ukuthi ehle maduze ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izandulela.Kodwa umthelela wawo wonke ezintengo zenhlanganisela yasolwandle ngeke ube mkhulu, njengoba amapulasitiki aqiniswe nge-carbon fiber enza ingxenye encane kuphela yesidingo sezinhlanganisela zasolwandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imicu yengilazi iseyizinto eziyinhloko ze-fiber yezinhlanganisela zasolwandle, futhi ama-polyester angagcwele kanye nama-vinyl esters yizinto eziyinhloko ze-polymer.I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) izoqhubeka nokubamba ingxenye enkulu yemakethe ye-foam core.
Ngokwezibalo, i-glass fiber reinforced composite materials (GFRP) ingaphezu kuka-80% yenani eliphelele lesidingo sezinto eziyinhlanganisela yasolwandle, kuyilapho izinto eziwumgogodla wegwebu zenza u-15%.Okusele ngamapulasitiki aqiniswe nge-carbon fiber, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezikebheni ezinkulu kanye nezicelo ezinomthelela obalulekile ezimakethe ze-niche.
Imakethe ekhulayo yezinhlanganisela zasolwandle nayo ibona ukuthambekela kokusebenza kwezinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe.Abahlinzeki bezinhlanganisela zasolwandle baqale umkhankaso wokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukwethula ama-bio-resin amasha, imicu yemvelo, ama-polyester akhishwa kancane, ama-prepregs anengcindezi ephansi, ama-cores nezinto ezilukiwe ze-fiberglass.Konke kumayelana nokukhulisa ukugaywa kabusha nokuvuselelwa, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-styrene, nokuthuthukisa ukucutshungulwa kanye nekhwalithi yendawo ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2022