Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziswe kwezentengiso iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhweba, zisetshenziswa kuphela kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana ne-aerospace nokuvikela. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisela phambili, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziqala ukuthengiswa kwizimboni ezihlukene zomsebenzisi ezifana nezimpahla zezemidlalo, izindiza zomphakathi, izimoto, izimoto, izimoto, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nokwakha. Kuze kube manje, izindleko zezinto ezihlanganisiwe (zombili izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokukhiqiza) sekwehlile kuqhathaniswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, okubavumela ukuba zisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu lemboni.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziyingxube yezinto eziyi-fiber kanye ne-resin impahla ngendlela ethile. Ngenkathi i-resin matrix inquma ukwakheka kokugcina kwenhlanganisela, imicu isebenza njengokuqiniswa kokuqinisa ingxenye yenhlanganisela. Isilinganiso se-Resin sokuhlelwa kwe-fiber siyahlukahluka ngamandla nokuqina kwengxenye edingwa yiTier 1 noma Okokuqala Okokusebenza Komenzi (OEM).
Isakhiwo esithelwa umthwalo esiyisisekelo sidinga ingxenye ephakeme yemicu eqhathaniswa ne-resin matrix, kuyilapho isakhiwo sesibili sidinga ikota yemicu ye-resin matrix. Lokhu kusebenza kwizimboni eziningi, isilinganiso se-resin uku-fiber kuncike endleleni yokwenza.
Umkhakha weMarine Wacht usephenduke amandla amakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wonke kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi impahla eyisisekelo ye-foam. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwabhekana nokwehla kwehla, ngokuhamba kancane kwemikhumbi kanye nempahla ekhuphuka. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwesidingo kungahle kube ngenxa yokuqapha kwabathengi, ukuncipha kwamandla okuthenga, kanye nokwabiwa kwemali okukhawulelwe imisebenzi yebhizinisi elinenzuzo nangokomthetho. Ama-Shipwardstands abuye athole kabusha imikhiqizo yawo namasu ebhizinisi ukunciphisa ukulahleka. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaphoqeleka ukuthi imikhumbi emincane emincane yaphoqeleka ukuba ihoxiswe noma itholakale ngenxa yokulahleka kwemali ekhokhwayo, engakwazi ukugcina ibhizinisi elijwayelekile. Ukwenziwa kwama-yachts amakhulu (> amamitha angama-35) kwathatha ukushaya, kuyilapho izikebhe ezincane (<24 izinyawo) zaba ukugxila ekwenziweni.
Kungani izinto ezihlanganisiwe?
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezulu kwensimbi nezinye izinto zendabuko, ezinjengezinkuni, ekwakhiweni kwezikebhe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezinjengensimbi noma i-aluminium, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinganciphisa isisindo sengxenye esezingeni eliphansi ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40. Ukwehliswa okuphelele kwesisindo kuletha i-litany yezinzuzo zesibili, njengezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, ukuphuma kwegesi okuluhlaza ophansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamafutha amakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe futhi kunciphisa isisindo ngokuqhubeka nokuqeda ama-fasteners ngokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi.
Ama-Composites anikeza abakhi bezikebhe abakhule kakhulu inkululeko yokuklama, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izingxenye ngezinkwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwengeziwe, izingxenye eziyinhlanganisela zinezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zomjikelezo wempilo uma umuntu ebaqhathanisa nezinto zokuncintisana ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi zokulungiswa kanye nokuqina kwemihlangano ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kokugqwala nokuqina futhi kuncipha. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-composites athola ukwamukelwa phakathi kwama-oke esemphuna kanye nabahlinzeki be-tier 1.
I-Marine Composite
Naphezu kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ama-Ship Stargs amaningi kanye nabaphakeli beTier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto eziningi ezinhlanganisela zizosetshenziswa emahashini wasolwandle.
Ngenkathi kulindeleke ukuthi izikebhe ezinkulu zisebenzise ama-composites athuthukile afana nama-plastitics we-carbon fiber aqinisiwe (CFRP), izikebhe eziningi ze-carbon, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-deels, ama-transoms, ama-transoms, Ama-Bulkheads, ama-Stresirs kanye nama-Masts, kepha lezi superyachts noma ama-catamarans enza ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikejana esiphelele.
Naphezu kokushiyeka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ama-Ship Stargs amaningi kanye nabaphakeli beTier 1 basaqiniseka ukuthi izinto eziningi ezinhlanganisela zizosetshenziswa emahashini wasolwandle.
Ngenkathi kulindeleke ukuthi izikebhe ezinkulu zisebenzise ama-composites athuthukile afana nama-plastitics we-carbon fiber aqinisiwe (CFRP), izikebhe eziningi ze-carbon, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-hulls, ama-deels, ama-transoms, ama-transoms, Ama-Bulkheads, ama-Stresirs kanye nama-Masts, kepha lezi superyachts noma ama-catamarans enza ingxenye encane yesidingo sesikejana esiphelele.
Isidingo esiphelele sezikebhe sifaka izikebhe zezimoto (ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kwe-Stern drive), izikebhe ze-jet, izikebhe zamanzi ezizimele nezikebhe zamanzi nezikebhe (ama-yachts).
Amanani okuhlanganisa azobe e-trajectory apward, njengentengo yemicu yengilazi, ama-thermosets nama-thermoplastic resins azokhuphuka ngamanani kawoyela ahlukiwe nezinye izindleko zokufaka. Kodwa-ke, amanani entengo e-carbon fiber kulindeleke ukuthi anciphe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabanye abangeleli bandlali. Kepha umthelela wayo ophelele emazweni ahlanganisiwe eMarine ngeke abe mkhulu, njengoba i-akhawunti ye-Plastics eqinisiwe ye-Plastics yengxenye encane yama-composites afunwa kuphela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imicu yengilazi isezinto eziphambili zefayibha yezihlanganisi zasolwandle, futhi ama-polyesters angafakwanga kanye nama-vinyl esters yizinto eziphambili ze-polymer. I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) izoqhubeka nokubamba isabelo esikhulu semakethe ye-foam core.
Ngokuya kwezibalo, i-akhawunti ye-fiber fiber eqinisiwe ye-composite Materies (GFRP) ye-80% yesidingo sonke sezinto zokwenziwa zasolwandle, ngenkathi i-foam core wezinto zokwakha i-15%. Okunye ama-plastiti fiber aqinisiwe, asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezikebheni ezinkulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ezimakethe ezimakethe ze-niche.
Imakethe yama-composites ekhulayo yasolwandle nayo ifakazela inkanyezi ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe. Abahlinzeki bezinhlanganisela zasolwandle baqale ukufunwa kwezinto ezintsha, bethula ama-bio-resins amasha, imicu yemvelo, ama-polyesters aphansi, ama-cores we-fiberglass wezinto zokwakha. Konke mayelana nokwanda kabusha kokuvuselelwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-styrene, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukucubungula kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Meyi-05-2022
