izindaba

Kusukela ngawo-1950,izinhlanganisela zefayibha yengilazi eziqinisiwezazisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezingathwali mithwalo zezinhlaka zezindiza zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, njengezicabha kanye nezivalo zokuhlola, yize ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwakulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kwenzeka ngawo-1960 ngokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwama-rotor blades aqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi. Lokhu kwabonisa izinzuzo ezivelele zama-composite—amandla okukhathala aphezulu, ukudluliselwa komthwalo wezindlela eziningi, izici zokusabalala kwe-crack kancane, kanye nobulula bokubumbana kokucindezela—okwabonakala ngokugcwele ekusetshenzisweni kwama-rotor blade. Ubuthakathaka obungokwemvelo bama-composite aqiniswe ngefayibha—amandla aphansi okushefa phakathi kwe-laminar kanye nokuzwela ezicini zemvelo—akuzange kuthinte kabi ukwakheka noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-rotor blade.

Nakuba ama-blade ensimbi ngokuvamile enempilo yokusebenza engadluli amahora angu-2000, ama-blade ahlanganisiwe angafinyelela isikhathi sokuphila esingaphezu kwamahora angu-6000, okungenzeka angapheli, futhi avumele ukugcinwa okusekelwe esimweni. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwendiza enophephela emhlane kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila okuphelele kwama-blade, okuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zomnotho. Inqubo eqondile, elula ukuyisebenzisa yokubumba nokulungisa ama-composite, kuhlanganiswe nekhono lokulungisa amandla, ukuqina (kufaka phakathi izici zokunciphisa), kwenza kube ngcono kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwephrofayili ye-aerodynamic kanye nokwenza ngcono ekwakhiweni kwe-rotor blade, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-rotor structure dynamics. Kusukela ngawo-1970, ucwaningo kuma-airfoids amasha luveze uchungechunge lwamaphrofayili ama-blade endiza enophephela emhlane asebenza kahle kakhulu. La ma-airfoids amasha afaka ukuguquka kusuka ku-symmetric kuya ku-curved fully, angena-symmetric designs, afinyelela ama-coefficients aphezulu kakhulu okuphakamisa kanye nezinombolo ezibalulekile ze-Mach, ama-coefficients okudonsa ancishisiwe, kanye nezinguquko ezincane kuma-coefficients esikhathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kobunjwa be-rotor blade tip—kusukela ku-rectangular kuya ku-sweep tips, tapered tips; ama-parabolic sweep down-curved tips; kuya kumathiphu e-BERP athuthukisiwe athambile—athuthukise kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo we-aerodynamic, ukuphazamiseka kwe-vortex, ukudlidliza, kanye nezici zomsindo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-rotor.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami basebenzise ukwenziwa ngcono okuhlanganisiwe kwe-aerodynamics ye-rotor blade kanye ne-structural dynamics, behlanganisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokwakhiwa ngcono kwe-rotor design ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-blade kanye nokunciphisa ukudlidliza/umsindo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970, cishe zonke izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezisanda kuthuthukiswa zasebenzisa ama-composite blades, kuyilapho ukufaka kabusha amamodeli amadala ngama-metal blades kuya kwayi-composite kwaveza imiphumela ephumelela kakhulu.

Izinto eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe uma kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiweni zohlaka lwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zifaka: izindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphandle kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, ezihambisana nomthwalo wesakhiwo ophansi, okwenza zifanelekele ukwenziwa okuhlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelela umonakalo wesakhiwo nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile; isidingo sokunciphisa isisindo kwezakhiwo zohlaka lwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zombili zezindiza ezinosizo kanye nezokuhlasela; kanye nezidingo zezakhiwo ezibamba ukuphahlazeka kanye nomklamo oyimfihlo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo, i-US Army Aviation Applied Technology Research Institute yasungula i-Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) ngo-1979. Kusukela ngawo-1980, lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezifana neSikorsky S-75, iBell D292, iBoeing 360, kanye ne-European MBB BK-117 enezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezihlanganisiwe zaqala ukuhlola izindiza, kuze kube yilapho iBell Helicopter ihlanganisa ngempumelelo amaphiko ahlanganisiwe e-V-280 kanye ne-fuselage ngo-2016, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezihlanganisiwe kuthathe intuthuko enkulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindiza ezibhekisela ku-aluminium alloy, ama-airframe ahlanganisiwe aletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ngesisindo sama-airframe, izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukuthembeka, kanye nokugcinwa kahle, okuhlangabezana nezinhloso zohlelo lwe-ACAP njengoba kuchaziwe kuThebula 1-3. Ngenxa yalokho, ochwepheshe bathi ukufaka esikhundleni ama-airframe e-aluminium ngezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu njengokushintsha kwama-airframe e-aluminium ngendwangu yokhuni kuya ezakhiweni zensimbi ngawo-1940.

Ngokwemvelo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiweni zohlaka lwezindiza lihlobene kakhulu nemininingwane yokuklama izindiza ezinophephela emhlane (izilinganiso zokusebenza). Njengamanje, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zibiza u-30% kuya ku-50% wesisindo sesakhiwo sohlaka lwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezihlaselayo eziphakathi nendawo nezinzima, kuyilapho izindiza zokuthutha zempi/zomphakathi zisebenzisa amaphesenti aphezulu, zifinyelela ku-70% kuya ku-80%. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-fuselage njenge-tail boom, i-vertical stabilizer, kanye ne-horizontal stabilizer. Lokhu kufeza izinjongo ezimbili: ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nokulula kokwakha izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengeziqinisi eziqondile ezixhunywe ngepayipi. Izakhiwo ezibamba ukuphahlazeka nazo zisebenzisa izinhlanganisela ukuze kufezwe ukonga isisindo. Kodwa-ke, kuma-helikopta alula namancane anezakhiwo ezilula, imithwalo ephansi, kanye nezindonga ezincane, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela kungase kungabi wusizo ngempela.