Izici eziyinhloko zenqubo ezithinta ukuncibilika kwengilazi

Izici eziyinhloko zenqubo ezithinta ukuncibilika kwengilazi zidlulela ngalé kwesigaba sokuncibilika ngokwazo, njengoba zithonywa yizimo zangaphambi kokuncibilika njengekhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza, ukwelashwa kwe-cullet nokulawula, izakhiwo zikaphethiloli, izinto zokuphikisa isithando somlilo, ukucindezela kwesithando somlilo, umkhathi, nokukhethwa kwama-agent okugcoba. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwalezi zici:

Ⅰ. Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Eziluhlaza kanye Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi

1. Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali Kwenqwaba

I-SiO₂ kanye ne-Refractory Compounds: Okuqukethwe kwe-SiO₂, i-Al₂O₃, i-ZrO₂, nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphikisayo kuthinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuncibilika. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwandisa izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lokuncibilika kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

I-Alkali Metal Oxides (isb., Na₂O, Li₂O): Yehlisa izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo. I-Li₂O, ngenxa yerediyasi yayo encane ye-ionic kanye namandla aphezulu e-electronegativity, isebenza ngokukhethekile futhi ingathuthukisa izici ezibonakalayo zengilazi.

2. Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kweqoqo

Ukulawula Umswakama:

Umswakama Okufanele (3%~5%): Uthuthukisa ukumanzisa nokusabela, unciphisa uthuli nokuhlukanisa;

Umswakama Oweqile: Ibangela amaphutha esikali futhi andise isikhathi sokuhlawuliswa.

Ukusabalalisa Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana:

Izinhlayiya Ezimahhadla Kakhulu: Yehlisa indawo yokuxhumana yokusabela, yandisa isikhathi sokuncibilika;

Izinhlayiya Ezinhle Ngokweqile: Kuholela ku-agglomeration kanye ne-electrostatic adsorption, ivimbela ukuncibilika komfaniswano.

3. Cullet Management

I-Cullet kufanele ihlanzeke, ingabi nakungcola, futhi ihambisane nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezintsha ukugwema ukwethula amabhamuza noma izinsalela ezingancibilikisiwe.

Ⅱ. Idizayini yesithando somlilokanye Nezakhiwo Zamafutha

1. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Eziphikisayo

Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: izitini eziphakeme ze-zirconium nezitini ze-electrofused zirconium corundum (AZS) kufanele zisetshenziswe endaweni yodonga lwechibi, phansi kwesithando somlilo nezinye izindawo ezihlangana noketshezi lwengilazi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhubazeka kwamatshe okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwamakhemikhali nokukhuhla.

Ukuzinza kwe-thermal: Melana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa futhi ugweme ukusakazwa kwe-refractory ngenxa yokushaqeka kokushisa.

2. Ukusebenza Kwezibaseli Nokuvutha

Inani lekhalori yesibaseli nomoya wokuvutha (i-oxidizing/ukunciphisa) kufanele ifane nokwakheka kwengilazi. Ngokwesibonelo:

Igesi Yemvelo/Amafutha Anamandla: Idinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwesilinganiselo sikaphethiloli womoya ukuze kugwenywe izinsalela zesulfide;

Ukuncibilika kukagesi: Kulungele ukuncibilika okunembe kakhulu (isb.ingilazi ye-optical) kodwa idla amandla amaningi.

Ⅲ. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwepharamitha Yenqubo yokuncibilika

1. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa

Izinga Lokushisa Elincibilikayo (1450 ~ 1500℃): Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngo-1℃ kungakhuphula izinga lokuncibilika ngo-1%, kodwa ukuguguleka okubambekayo kuphindeka kabili. Kudingeka ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle nesikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.

Ukusabalalisa izinga lokushisa: Ukulawulwa kwegradient ezindaweni ezihlukene zesithando somlilo (ukuncibilika, ukuhlawuliswa, ukupholisa) kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukushisisa ngokweqile kwendawo noma izinsalela ezingancibilikisiwe.

2. Umkhathi kanye Nokucindezela

I-Oxidizing Atmosphere: Ikhuthaza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa ingase iqinise i-sulfide oxidation;

Ukunciphisa Umkhathi: Icindezela umbala we-Fe³+ (ngengilazi engenambala) kodwa idinga ukugwema ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni;

I-Frnace Pressure Stability: Ukucindezela okuncane okuhle (+2~5 Pa) kuvimbela ukungena komoya obandayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwebhamuza.

3.Fining Agents kanye Fluxes

Ama-Fluoride (isb, i-CaF₂): Yehlisa ukuncibilika kwe-viscosity futhi usheshise ukukhishwa kwebhamuza;

I-Nitrate (isb, i-NaNO₃): Khipha umoya-mpilo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncishiswa kwe-oxidative;

I-Composite Fluxes**: isb, i-Li₂CO₃ + Na₂CO₃, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo eliphansi ngokuhlanganyela.

Ⅳ. Ukuqapha Okunamandla Kwenqubo Yokuncibilika

1. Melt Viscosity kanye Fluidity

Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa ama-viscometer ajikelezayo ukuze kulungiswe izinga lokushisa noma izilinganiso ze-flux ukuze kube nezimo ezifanele zokwakha.

2. Ukususwa Kwebhamuza Ngempumelelo

Ukubhekwa kokusatshalaliswa kwebhamuza kusetshenziswa i-X-ray noma amasu e-imaging ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo we-ejenti yokuhlawulisa kanye nokucindezela kwesithando somlilo.

Ⅴ. Izinkinga Ezivamile kanye Namasu Okuthuthukisa

Isiphetho

Ukuncibilika kwengilazi kuwumphumela wokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, okokusebenza, namapharamitha enqubo. Idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukwenziwa ngcono kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphikisayo, nokulawula ipharamitha yenqubo eguqukayo. Ngokulungisa ama-fluxes ngokwesayensi, ukuzinzisa indawo yokuncibilika (izinga lokushisa/ukucindezela/umkhathi), nokusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo okufeyila, ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kanye nekhwalithi yengilazi kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokukhiqiza zincishiswa.