Izici eziyinhloko zenqubo ezithinta ukuncibilika kwengilazi

Izici eziyinhloko zenqubo ezithinta ukuncibilika kwengilazi zidlulela ngale kwesigaba sokuncibilika ngokwaso, njengoba zithonywa yizimo zangaphambi kokuncibilika njengekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwelashwa nokulawulwa kwe-cullet, izakhiwo zikaphethiloli, izinto ezivimbela ukuncibilika kwesithando, ingcindezi yesithando, umoya, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanza. Ngezansi ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwalezi zici:

ⅠUkulungiswa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi

1. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Kweqembu

Ama-SiO₂ nama-Refractory Compounds: Okuqukethwe kwe-SiO₂, i-Al₂O₃, i-ZrO₂, kanye namanye ama-refractory compounds kuthinta ngqo izinga lokuncibilika. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwandisa izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika elidingekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ama-Alkali Metal Oxides (isb., Na₂O, Li₂O): Yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika. I-Li₂O, ngenxa yerediyasi yayo encane ye-ionic kanye ne-electronegativity ephezulu, isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ingathuthukisa izakhiwo zomzimba zengilazi.

2. Iqembu Lokwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokwelashwa

Ukulawula Umswakama:

Umswakama Ofanele (3% ~ 5%): Kuthuthukisa ukumanzisa nokusabela, kunciphisa uthuli kanye nokuhlukaniswa;

Umswakama Oweqile: Kubangela ukulinganisa amaphutha futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuhlanza.

Ukusatshalaliswa Kosayizi Wezinhlayiyana:

Izinhlayiya Eziqinile Kakhulu: Zinciphisa indawo yokuxhumana kokusabela, zandise isikhathi sokuncibilika;

Izinhlayiya Ezincane Eziningi: Kuholela ekuhlanganiseni nasekumuncweni kwe-electrostatic, okuvimbela ukuncibilika okufanayo.

3. Ukuphathwa kwe-Cullet

I-cullet kumele ihlanzeke, ingabi nokungcola, futhi ifane nosayizi wezinhlayiya zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha ukuze kugwenywe ukungenisa amabhamuza noma izinsalela ezingancibilikisiwe.

Ⅱ. Umklamo Wesithando Somlilokanye nezakhiwo zikaphethiloli

1. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezingavuvukali

Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: izitini ze-zirconium eziphezulu kanye nezitini ze-zirconium corundum (AZS) ezifakwe ngogesi kufanele zisetshenziswe endaweni yodonga lwechibi, phansi kwesithando nakwezinye izindawo ezithinta uketshezi lwengilazi, ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha amatshe abangelwa ukuguguleka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokukhuhla.

Ukuqina kokushisa: Melana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa futhi ugweme ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukushaqeka kokushisa.

2. Ukusebenza Kahle Kophethiloli Nokushisa

Inani lama-calorie kaphethiloli kanye nomoya wokushisa (uku-oxidizing/ukunciphisa) kumele kufane nokwakheka kwengilazi. Isibonelo:

Igesi Yemvelo/Uwoyela Osindayo: Kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwesilinganiso somoya-uphethiloli ukuze kugwenywe izinsalela ze-sulfide;

Ukuncibilika Ngogesi: Kufanelekela ukuncibilika ngokunemba okuphezulu (isb.,ingilazi ebonakalayo) kodwa kudla amandla amaningi.

ⅢUkuthuthukiswa Kwepharamitha Yenqubo Yokuncibilikisa

1. Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa

Izinga Lokushisa Lokuncibilika (1450~1500℃): Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa elingu-1℃ kungakhuphula izinga lokuncibilika ngo-1%, kodwa ukuguguleka okungenakunyakaziswa kuyaphindwa kabili. Kudingeka ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.

Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezinga Lokushisa: Ukulawulwa kwe-gradient ezindaweni ezahlukene zesithando (ukuncibilikisa, ukuncibilikisa, ukupholisa) kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile noma izinsalela ezingancibilikisiwe endaweni.

2. Umkhathi Nokucindezela

I-Oxidizing Atmosphere: Ikhuthaza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa ingaqinisa ukubola kwe-sulfide;

Ukunciphisa Umkhathi: Kucindezela umbala we-Fe³+ (wengilazi engenambala) kodwa kudinga ukugwema ukufakwa kwekhabhoni;

Ukuqina Kokucindezela Kwesithando Somlilo: Ukucindezela okuncane okuhle (+2~5 Pa) kuvimbela ukungena komoya obandayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukususwa kwamabhamuza.

3. Ama-Fining Agents kanye nama-Fluxes

Ama-fluoride (isb., i-CaF₂): Yehlisa i-viscosity encibilikayo bese usheshisa ukususwa kwama-bubble;

Ama-nitrate (isb., i-NaNO₃): Khipha umoya-mpilo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuncishiswa kwe-oxidative;

Ama-Composite Fluxes**: isib., i-Li₂CO₃ + i-Na₂CO₃, izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika eliphansi kakhulu.

ⅣUkuqapha Okunamandla Kwenqubo Yokuncibilikisa

1. Ukuncibilikisa Ukuqina Nokugeleza

Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa ama-viscometer ajikelezayo ukulungisa izinga lokushisa noma izilinganiso zokushintshashintsha ukuze kube nezimo zokwakheka ezifanele.

2. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokususa Amabhamuza

Ukuqaphela ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhamuza kusetshenziswa amasu e-X-ray noma ezithombe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo we-fining agent kanye nomfutho wesithando somlilo.

ⅤIzinkinga Ezivamile Namasu Okuthuthukisa

Isiphetho

Ukuncibilikisa ingilazi kuwumphumela wokubambisana phakathi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini, kanye nemingcele yenqubo. Kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela komklamo wokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukulungiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphikisayo, kanye nokulawulwa kwamapharamitha enqubo aguqukayo. Ngokulungisa ngokwesayensi ukugeleza, ukuzinzisa indawo yokuncibilikisa (izinga lokushisa/ingcindezi/umkhathi), kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okuhlanza kahle, ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilikisa kanye nekhwalithi yengilazi kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza zincishiswa.